Meanings of French Homophones

Homophones are words that have the same pronunciation but different meanings and, sometimes, spellings. Therefore, French homophones can cause difficulties in oral comprehension and spelling. These pages should help you to understand the difference between the most common French homophones. French Homophones: A a - first letter of the French alphabeta - third person singular conjugation of avoir (to have)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il a une question - He has a questionà   (preposition) - to, at, in  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je vais à   la banque - Im going to the bankabaisse(s) - singular conjugations of abaisser (to lower)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Abaisse le drapeau - Lower the flagune abaisse - rolled-out pastry  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai fait une abaisse de 5 mm - I rolled out the pastry to 5 mmune abbesse - abbess  Ã‚  Ã‚  Labbesse habite au couvent - The abbess lives in the conventaccro - (inf adj) hooked, addictedun accro - addict, lover  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je suis accro de franà §ais - Im a French lover/addictun accroc - tear, blotai - first person singular present indicative conjugation of avoir (to have)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai une idà ©e - I have an ideaaie - first person singular subjunctive of avoiraient - third person plural subjunctive of avoiraies - second person singular subjunctive of avoirait - third person singular subjunctive of avoires - second person singular present indicative of à ªtre (to be)est - third person singular present indicative of à ªtreet - (conjunction) and  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il est grand et beau - He is tall and handsomeun aide - male assistant  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je vais embaucher un aide - Im going to hire an assistantune aide - help, assistance, female assistant  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai besoin de votre aide - I need your helpair, aire - see rune amande - almond  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jaime bien la pà ¢te aux amandes - I really like almond pasteune amende - fine  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tu dois payer une amende de 50 euros - You have to pay a 50-euro finean - year  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jhabite ici depuis un an - Ive lived here for a yearen (adverbial pronoun) - of it/them  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jen veux trois - I want three of themen (preposition) - to, in  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je vais en France - Im going to Franceaoà »t - August  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il ny a pas de cours en aoà »t - There are no classes in AugustHou ! - Boo!br/>une houe - hoele houx - hollyou (coordinating conjunction) - or  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cest à   toi ou à   moi ? - Is it your turn or mine?oà ¹ (relative pronoun) - where  Ã‚  Ã‚  Oà ¹ vas-tu ? - Where are you going?au (contraction of à   le) - to the  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je vais au marchà © - Im going to the marketaux - to the (contraction of à   les)eau - watero - the letter ooh (interjection) - ohaussità ´t (adverb) - immediately  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aussità ´t dit, aussità ´t fait - No sooner said than doneaussi tà ´t - as/so early  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jarriverai aussi tà ´t que possible - I will arrive as early as possibleun autel - altar  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il y a toujours des fleurs sur lautel - There are always flowers on the altarun hà ´tel - hotel  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je cherche un hà ´tel à   Paris - Im looking for a hotel in Parisun auteur - author  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cest un auteur connu - Hes a well-known authorune hauteur - height  Ã‚  Ã‚  Quelle est la hauteur de la porte ? - How tall is the door?un avocat - avocadoun avocat - lawyer B b - the second letter of the alphabetbà ©e - open-mouthed  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il reste bouche bà ©e - He is standing open-mouthed (in wonder)bai (horse) - bayune baie - bay  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jhabite prà ¨s de la baie - I live near the bayune baie - berryun bar - bar/pub  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il y a un bar amà ©ricain prà ¨s dici - Theres an American bar nearbyun bar - bass  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je ne sais pas prà ©parer le bar - I dont know how to prepare bassune barre - bar (rod), barre, helm  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pourquoi y a-t-il une barre ici ? - Why is there a bar here?(un) Beur - (informal) second-generation North African (verlan of Arabe)le beurre - butterbois - first and second person singular of boire (to drink)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je ne bois pas dalcool - I dont drink alcoholle bois - wood  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nous avons un four à   bois - We have a wood stoveboit - third person singular of boirela boue - mudle bout - tipun boum - bang, explosion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Et puis boum ! tout est tombà © - And then boom! everything fell downun boum - (familiar) success  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je nai jamais vu un tel boum - Ive never seen such (incredible) successle boum - (familiar) activity  Ã‚  Ã‚  La fà ªte est en plein boum - The partys in full swingune boum - (informal) party  Ã‚  Ã‚  La boum commence à   22h - The party starts at 10pmun brin - blade (of grass)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Le chien a mangà © un brin dherbe - The dog ate a blade of grassun brin - (informal) a bit  Ã‚  Ã‚  Un brin plus haut, sil te plaà ®t - A bit higher, pleasebrun - dark-haired  Ã‚  Ã‚  Le brun est plus beau que le blond - The dark-haired man is more handsome than the blondNote: These two words arent homophones for everyone; some French speakers make a distinction between in and un.bu - past participle of of boirele but - goal (note that some people pronounce the final t)   C c  - letter of the  French alphabetces  (demonstrative adjective) - these  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jaime ces fleurs  - I like these flowerscest  - it/this is  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cest difficile de trouver un bon emploi  - Its hard to find a good jobsais  - first and second person singular present indicative of  savoir  (to know)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je ne sais pas  - I dont knowsait  - third person singular present indicative of  savoirses  (possessive adjective) - his, her, its  Ã‚  Ã‚  Voici ses livres  - Here are his/her bookssest  - reflexive pronoun  se   third person singular of  Ãƒ ªtre  (to be)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il sest dà ©jà   habillà ©Ã‚  - He already got dressedà §a  indefinite demonstrative pronoun  - it, that  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je naime pas à §a  - I dont like thatsa  (possessive adjective) - his, her, its  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cest sa sÅ“ur  - Thats his/her sistercar  (conjunction) - since, for  Ã‚  Ã‚  La rà ©union fut annulà ©e car le prà ©sident est malade  - The meeting was canceled since the president is sickun  quart  - quarter  Ã‚  Ã‚  un kilo et quart  - one and a quarter kilosce  (indefinite demonstrative pronoun) - this, it  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ce doit à ªtre un bon restaurant  - This must be a good restaurantse  -  reflexive pronoun  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il se là ¨ve à   huit heures  - He gets up at 8 oclockcelle  - see  selcen  -  contraction  of  ce  Ã‚  en  (adverbial pronoun)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cen est trop  - This is too muchcent  - one hundred  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai cent dollars  - I have a hundred dollarsle  sang  - blood  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il y a du sang sur ta chemise  - Theres blood on your shirtsans  (preposition) - without  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je suis sorti sans manger  - I went out without eatingsen  -  se  Ã‚  en  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il sen venait tranquillement  - He was approaching unhurriedlysens  - first and second person singular of  sentir  (to feel, smell)sent  - third person singular of  sentir  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒâ€¡a sent bon !  - That smells good!censà ©Ã‚  - supposed to  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je suis censà © partir à   midi  - Im supposed to leave at noonsensà ©Ã‚  - sensible  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cest un homme sensà ©Ã‚  - Hes a sensible mancest   vowel or mute h (due to  liaison)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cest une bonne idà ©e  - Thats a good ideacet  - masculine  demonstrative adjective  in front of a vowel/mute h  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cet homme est beau  - That man is handsomecette  -  feminine demonstrative adjective  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cette femme est belle  - That woman is beautifulsept  - seven  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai sept chats  - I have seven catssest   vowel or mute h  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il sest habillà © tout seul  - He got dressed all by himselfSà ¨te  - a village in southern Francecà ©tait  - it was  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cà ©tait formidable  - It was greatsà ©tait  -  se   third person singular  imperfect  of  Ãƒ ªtre  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il sà ©tait dà ©jà   levà ©Ã‚  - He had already gotten upsà ©taient  -  se   third person plural imperfect of  Ãƒ ªtre  Ã‚  Ã‚  Elles sà ©taient habillà ©es  - They had gotten dressedla  chair  - fleshla  chaire  - pulpit, post, (university) chair  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ils vont crà ©er une chaire darabe  - Theyre going to create a chair of Arabiccher  - dear, expensive  Ã‚  Ã‚  un cher ami  - a dear friendchÅ“ur  - choir, chorus  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jaimerais bien à ©couter le chÅ“ur  - Id really like to listen to the choircÅ“ur  - heart  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il a le cÅ“ur malade  - He has a weak heartchouette  - great, nice  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je laime bien, elle est chouette  - I really like her, shes greatchouette  - owl  Ã‚  Ã‚  As-tu vu la chouette hier soir ?  - Did you see the owl last night?-ci  - this (suffix)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cet arbre-ci est plus joli que celui-là  Ã‚  - This tree is prettier than that onescie  - saw  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il doit acheter une nouvelle scie  - He needs to buy a new sawsi  - if  Ã‚  Ã‚  Si tu es prà ªt...  - If youre ready...si  - yes (in response to a negative  question)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tu ne viens pas ? Si !  - Arent you coming? Yes!six  - sixsy  -  se  Ã‚  y  (adverbial pronoun)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il est temps de sy mettre  - Its time to get on with itun  compte  - account, count, calculationun  comte  - count  Ã‚  Ã‚  Le Comte de Monte Cristo  - The Count of Monte Cristoun  conte  - storycool  - cool  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒâ€¡a cest cool  - Thats coolcoule(s)  - singular indicative conjugations of  couler  (to run, flow)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Le Rhà ´ne coule du nord au sud  - The Rhone flows from north to southle  cou  - neck  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pourquoi les girafes ont-ils de longs cous ?  - Why do giraffes have long necks?le  coup  - blow  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il a pris un coup sur la tà ªte  - He took a blow to the headle  coà »t  - cost  Ã‚  Ã‚  le coà »t de la vie  - the cost of livingla  cour  - yard, courtyard  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je vais planter des fleurs dans la cour  - Im going to plant some flowers in the yardle  cours  - course  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai bien aimà © ce cours  - I really liked this coursecourt  - short  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ce chemin est plus court  - This way is shorterle  court  - tennis courtle  cul  - assq  - letter of the  French alphabetle  cygne  - swan  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai vu un cygne sur là ©tang  - I saw a swan on the pondle  signe  - sign, gesture  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je ne comprends pas le signe que tu as fait  - I dont understand the sign you made D d  - letter of the  French alphabetun  dà ©Ã‚  - thimble, die  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai besoin de deux dà ©s  - I need two dicedes  (indefinite article) - somedes  (partitive article) - somedes  (contraction of  de  Ã‚  les) - of/about thedans  (preposition) - in  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cest dans le tiroir  - Its in the drawerden  -  preposition  de  Ã‚  en  (adverbial pronoun)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nous navons pas fini den parler  - We havent finished talking about itune  dent  - tooth  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je me brosse les dents  - Im brushing my teethdavantage  - more  Ã‚  Ã‚  En voulez-vous davantage ?  - Would you like some more?davantage  -  de avantage  (advantage)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ce poste manque davantages  - This job doesnt have (many) advantagesde  (preposition) - of, from, about  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je suis de Californie  - Im from Californiadeux  - two  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai deux frà ¨res  - I have two brothersNote:  These are not true homophones because they have differen t  phonetic symbols, but their pronunciation is nearly identical.dà ©goà »ter  - to disgust  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒâ€¡a me dà ©goà »te  - That disgusts medà ©goutter  - to drip  Ã‚  Ã‚  De leau dà ©goutte de la table  - Water is dripping off the tableun  dessein  (formal) - design, plan, intention  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il a le dessein de le refaire  - He plans/intends to redo itun  dessin  - drawing  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cest un joli dessin  - Its a nice drawingle  diesel  - diesel fuel  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cette station na pas de diesel  - This station doesnt have any diesella  diesel  - diesel automobile  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cest une diesel  - Its a diesel car / It takes dieselun  don  - gift, talent, donation  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il a un don pour le tennis  - He has a gift for tennisdont  -  relative pronoun  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cest le livre dont je tai parlà ©Ã‚  - Its the book I told you aboutdu  (partitive article) - some  Ã‚  Ã‚  Veux-tu du pain ?  - Do you want some bread?du  - of/abo ut the (contraction  of  de  Ã‚  le)dà »Ã‚  - past participle of  devoir  (to have to)   E e  - letter of the  French alphabeteuh  (interjection) - uh, um, er  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il y a, euh, trois choses à   faire  - There are, um, three things to doeux  (stressed pronoun) - them  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cest pour eux  - Its for themNote:  The letter e is not a true homophone because it has a different  phonetic symbol  than the other two, but their pronunciation is nearly identical.-à ©Ã‚  -  past participle  ending for  -er verbs  Ã‚  Ã‚  parlà ©, chantà ©, dansà ©Ã‚  - spoke, sang, danced-er  -  infinitive  ending for -er verbs  Ã‚  Ã‚  parler, chanter, danser  - to speak, to sing, to dance-ez  - ending for second person plural indicative and imperative of most verbs  Ã‚  Ã‚  (vous) parlez, chantez, dansez  - (you) speak, sing, danceeau  - see auelle  (stressed pronoun) - her  Ã‚  Ã‚  Va avec elle.  - Go with her.elle  (subject pronoun) - she  Ã‚  Ã‚  Elle le fera demain  - Shell do it tomorrow.elles  (stressed pronoun) - them  Ã‚  Ã‚  I did it for them.  - Je lai fait pour elles.elles  (subject pronoun) - they  Ã‚  Ã‚  Elles viennent avec nous ?  - Are they coming with us?l  - letter of the  French alphabeten  - see anentre  - between, among  Ã‚  Ã‚  entre toi et moi  - between you and meentre(s)  - singular conjugations of  entrer  (to enter)à ¨re  - see  res  - see aià ¨s  - see  sun  espace  - space, room  Ã‚  Ã‚  Y a-t-il de lespace ?  - Is there any room?une  espace  - printing space  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il faut mettre une espace entre ces mots  - We need to put a space between these wordsune  Espace  - car model from Renault  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je vais acheter une Espace  - Im going to buy an Espaceest,  et  - see aià ©tà ©Ã‚  - past participle of  Ãƒ ªtre  (to be)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Qui a à ©tà © blessà ©Ã‚  ?  - Who was hurt?un  Ãƒ ©tà ©Ã‚  - summer  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jaime voyager en à ©tà ©Ã‚  - I like to travel in the summerà ªtre  - to beun  Ãƒ ªtre  - being  Ã‚  Ã‚  un à ªtre humain  - human beingun  hà ªtre  - beech tree/woodeu  - past participle of  avoir  (to have)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je nai pas eu loccasion de le faire  - I didnt have a chance to do itu  - letter of the  French alphabet   F la  faim  - hunger  Ã‚  Ã‚  La faim dans le monde  - World hungerla  fin  - end  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cest la fin  - Thats the endun  fait  - fact  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ce nest pas mon opinion, cest un fait  - Its not my opinion, its a factun  faà ®te  - summit, rooftop(vous)  faites  - second person plural indicative and imperative of  faire  (to do, make)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Que faites-vous ?  - What are you doing?une  fà ªte  - party  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒâ‚¬ quelle heure commence la fà ªte ?  - What time does the party begin?le  fard  - make-upla  phare  - lighthouseun  fil  - thread, yarn, string  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai tirà © un fil à   mon pull  - I pulled a thread in my sweaterune  file  - line, queue  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il a dà ©jà   pris la file  - He already got in lineun  filtre  - filter  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je nai plus de filtres à   cafà ©Ã‚  - I dont have any more coffee filtersun  philtre  - potion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Crois-tu que les philtres damour peuvent marcher ?  - Do you think love potions work?final  - (adj) final, last  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cest la scà ¨ne finale  - Its the last scenele  finale  - finale (music)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ont-ils fait un finale ?  - Did they play a finale?la  finale  - final (sports)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vas-tu jouer la finale ?  - Are you going to play in the final (round)?le  flan  - custard tart  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jaime bien les flans  - I really like custard tartsle  flanc  - side, flank  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il est couchà © sur le flanc  - Hes lying on his sidela  foi  - faith  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il faut avoir la foi  - You have to have faithle  foie  - liver  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je naime pas le foie de volaille  - I dont like chicken liverune  fois  - once, one time  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je lai fait une fois  - I did it oncele  fond  - bottom, back, far end  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il faut aller jusquau fond  - You have to go all the way to the backfond  - third person singular indicative of  fondre  (to melt)  Ã‚  Ã‚  La neige fon d dà ©jà  Ã‚  - The snow is already meltingfonds  - first and second person singular indicative of  fondrefont  - third person plural indicative of  faire  (to do, make)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Quest-ce quils font ?  - What are they doing?les  fonts  - baptismal fountle  foudre  - (ironic) leader, large cask  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cest un foudre de guerre  - (sarcastic) Hes a great war leaderla  foudre  - lightning  Ã‚  Ã‚  La foudre est tombà ©e sur la maison  - Lightning struck the house  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒâ€¡a a à ©tà © le  coup de foudre  - It was love at first sight G g  - letter of the  alphabetjai  (contraction  of  je   first person singular conjugation of  avoir  [to have]) - I havele  gà ¨ne  - gene  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cest un gà ¨ne dominant  - Its a dominant genela  gà ªne  - trouble, bother, embarrassment  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il à ©prouve une certaine gà ªne à   avaler  - Hes having trouble swallowinggà ªne(s)  - singular conjugations of  gà ªner  (to bother, embarrass)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒâ€¡a ne me gà ªne pas  - It doesnt bother mele  gà ®te  - shelter, cottage, ~ bed and breakfast  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nous avons logà © dans un gà ®te  - We stayed in a bed and breakfastla  gà ®te  - list, inclination of ship  Ã‚  Ã‚  Le bateau donne de la gà ®te  - The boat is listingle  greffe  - court clerks office  Ã‚  Ã‚  Oà ¹ se trouve le greffe ?  - Where is the court clerks office?la  greffe  - transplant, graft  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il a besoin dune greffe du cÅ“ur  - He needs a heart transplantguà ¨re  - har dly  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il nen reste plus guà ¨re  - Theres hardly any leftla  guerre  - war  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cest une guerre civile  - Its a civil warun  guide  - guide (book or person)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai achetà © un guide gastronomique  - I bought a restaurant guideune  guide  ~ girl scout/guide  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ma fille veut à ªtre guide  - My daughter wants to be a girl scout/guideles  guides  (f) - reins  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il faut tirer sur les guides  - You have to pull on the reins H la  haine  - hatredn  - letter of the  alphabethauteur  - see auteurhà ªtre  - see à ªtrele  hockey  - hockey  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il joue au hockey.  - He plays hockey.le  hoquet  - hiccup  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai le hoquet.  - I have hiccups.hà ´tel  - see autelhou,  houe,  houx  - see aoà »t French Homophones: I i  - letter of the  alphabety  -  adverbial pronoun  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il y est allà © hier  - He went there yesterdayil  (subject pronoun) - he, it  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il est mà ©decin  - Hes a doctorils  (subject pronoun) - they  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ils ne sont pas prà ªts  - They arent readyNote:  In  informal French,  il  and  ils  are commonly pronounced like  i.   J j  - letter of the  alphabetjy  -  contraction  of  je  and  y  (adverbial pronoun)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jy vais !  - Im going!jai  - see gle  jars  - gander  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nous avons une oie et un jars  - We have one goose and one ganderla  jarre  - earthenware jar  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai trouvà © une jarre antique  - I found an antique jarjeune  - young  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il est trà ¨s jeune  - He is very youngun/e  jeune  - young personle  jeà »ne  - fast, fasting  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cest un jour de jeà »ne  - Its a fast day L l  - see ellela  (feminine  definite article) - the  Ã‚  Ã‚  la pomme  - the applela  (feminine  direct object pronoun) - her, it  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je la vois  - I see herlà  Ã‚  - here, there  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il nest est pas là  Ã‚  - Hes not therela  -  contraction  of  le  or  la   third person singular of  avoir  (to have)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il la achetà ©Ã‚  - He bought itlas  - contraction of  le  or  la   second person singular of  avoir  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tu las vu ?  - You saw him?le  lac  - lakela  laque  - lacquer, shellac, hairsprayleur  (indirect object pronoun) - them  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je leur donne les clà ©s  - Im giving them the keysleur(s)  (possessive adjective) - their  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cest leur maison  - Its their housele(s)/la  leur(s)  (possessive pronoun) - theirs  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cest le leur  - Its theirsun  leurre  - delusion, illusion, deception, trap, lure, decoylheur  - good fortune (ironic)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je nai pas eu lheur de le connaà ®tre  - I didnt have the good fortune of knowing himlheure  - hour,  time  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒâ‚¬ lheure actuelle  - At the present timele  livre  - book  Ã‚  Ã‚  Comment sappelle ce livre ?  - What is this book called?br/>la  livre  - pound  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒâ€¡a pà ¨se deux livres et coà »te cinq livres  - That weighs two pounds and costs five poundslon  -  euphonic  contraction of  le  Ã‚  on  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ce que lon a fait  - What we didlont  - contraction of  le  or  la   third person plural of  avoir  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ils lont dà ©jà   achetà ©Ã‚  - They already bought itlong  - long  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ne sois pas trop long  - Dont take too long M ma  (possessive adjective) - my  Ã‚  Ã‚  ma mà ¨re  - my motherma  -  contraction  of  me  (object pronoun) third person singular  avoir  (to have)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il ma vu  - He saw memas  - contraction of  me   second person singular  avoir  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tu mas regardà ©Ã‚  - You looked at mele  maire  - mayorla  mer  - seala  mà ¨re  - mothermai  - May  Ã‚  Ã‚  On est le premier mai  - Its the first of Mayla  maie  - bread boxmais  - but  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mais je ne suis pas prà ªt !  - But Im not ready!mes  (possessive adjective) - my  Ã‚  Ã‚  Oà ¹ sont mes clà ©s ?  - Where are my keys?mes  - contraction of  me   second person singular  Ãƒ ªtre  (to be)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tu mes trà ¨s cher  - You are very dear to memest  - contraction of  me   third person singular  Ãƒ ªtremet  - third person singular conjugation of  mettre  (to put)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il met le pain sur la table  - Hes putting the bread on the tablemets  - first and second person singular  mettreun  mets  - dish  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tout le monde doit amener un mets à   partager  - Everyone needs to bring a dish to sharemaà ®tre  (adjective) - main, major, chiefle  maà ®tre  - master, teachermettre  - to putmal  - bad, badly, wrong  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai mal dormi  - I slept badlyle  mal  - evil, pain  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai mal à   la tà ªte  - I have a headachemà ¢le* - male, manly  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cest une voix mà ¢le  - Its a manly voicela  malle  - trunk (suitcase or car)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai dà ©jà   fait ma malle  - Ive already packed my trunk*This isnt a homophone for everyone; some French speakers make a distinction between  a  and  Ãƒ ¢Ã‚  marocain  - Moroccan  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il est marocain  - He is Moroccanle  maroquin  - morocco leatherune  mine  - expression, look  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il a la bonne mine  - He looks goodune  mine  - mine  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cest une mine dor  - Its a gold minemon  ( possessive adjective) - my  Ã‚  Ã‚  Voici mon pà ¨re  - This is my fatherle  mont  - mountain  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai grimpà © le mont Blanc  - I climbed Mont Blancmont  - contraction  me   third person plural conjugation of  avoir  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ils mont vu  - They saw memou  - softla  moue  - poutun  mur  - wallmà »r  - ripeune  mà »re  - blackberry N n  - see haineneuf  - new (nouveau vs neuf)neuf  - nineni  - neither  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ni lun ni lautre nest prà ªt  - Neither one is readyle  nid  - nestnie(s)  - singular conjugations of  nier  (to deny)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il nie là ©vidence  - He is denying the obviousnient  - third person plural of  nierny  - contraction of  ne  Ã‚  y  (adverbial pronoun)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il ny a pas de pain  - There isnt any breadle  nom  - last name, nounnon  - nonont  - contraction of  ne   third person plural conjugation of  avoir  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ils nont pas denfants  - They dont have any kids

Sonnys Blue and Two Kinds Rebellion - 1915 Words

Kelvin Flores Eng 1B 02/20/2013 Ill take over Children are rebellious; it is part of childhood to rebel against parents or guardian. Through rebellion process, a child must go through challenge of their beliefs, enduring influences, acceptance and understanding. By analyzing characters from the stories about rebellion, I realize that one does not simply rebel to disappoint others; it is more of a misery than having an understanding of one another. In the story Sonnys Blue by James Baldwin, Sonny struggle to find what he truly is and what he wants to be, with the inevitable interference of his brothers logical approach on how he raise him. Sonny finds himself lock between his dreams and reality that sets him off to rebel†¦show more content†¦She did not consider the fact that she had a great potential if she tried harder, which her mother clearly see. Jing Mei felt bad in the end when she reminisce her memory of her mothers effort and disregard everything her mother did for her. Jing Mei realize what she did was not the right thing to do. After all she was just another child that is need to be understood just like Sonny. I also felt bad that I did not met my parents expectation to me. I graduate high school without putting all my effort, I know could have done better. I remember the time my parents keep bugging me to take the SAT they said they will going to pay for it until I passed or get a high score. But I took it once and did not do good because I did not tried to study at all. I did not know what was going on in my mind that time maybe because I was struggling to find what I really want to be with my life. My parents were really disappointed at me but they still encourage me to do the test over again. I did not re-take it, and it was the worse decision I ever had in my life so far. The reason why Sonny and Jing Mei rebelled is to let their feelings out by following their own beliefs. They resist influences that tries to make them a different person. To conclude the result of rebellion he or she must realize if they achieved their purpose. When Sonnys brother finally realize his fault of not understanding his brother, he saw all of Sonnys emotion throughShow MoreRelatedCharacter Development1325 Words   |  6 Pagesstory. She is an overprotective mother who only desires the best for her child. She stands for what she believes in until Jing Mei realizes the reasons. Jing Mei’s character, however, is thoroughly developed as she illustrates the struggles and rebellion of a child being under pressure of her mother’s wishes. At some point, Jing Mei faces her reflection and said â€Å"And then I saw what seemed to be the prodigy side of me – because I had never seen that face before. I looked at my reflection, blinkingRead MoreLove in Literature2486 Words   |  10 PagesLove in Literature We live in a complex world, where love and logic do not always exist cohesively, however, literature often brings these two elements together. Authors sometimes use the concept of love as a theme for their work, logically, and methodically using it as a tool in their writing. The different forms of love are often used by authors as a catalyst for positive character development. In this essay, works by different authors will be used to demonstrate some of the forms of love usedRead MoreEssay about Sonnys Heroic Journey in James Baldwins Sonnys Blues2971 Words   |  12 Pagesof Sonnys Blues by James Baldwin focuses on whether a person should be conventional in making decisions for their life, or if they should follow their heart and do what is right for them. A person begins with strengths, many of which they lose along the way. At some point along their heroic journey a person may regain their strengths and develop new ones. Each phase of this journey will have an effect on them an d others around them. According to his brother, who narrates Sonnys Blues, SonnyRead MoreHow to Read Lit Like a Prof Notes3608 Words   |  15 Pagesare, the more alive the text becomes to us. d. If you don’t recognize the correspondences, it’s ok. If a story is no good, being based on Hamlet won’t save it. 6. When in Doubt, It’s from Shakespeare†¦ a. Writers use what is common in a culture as a kind of shorthand. Shakespeare is pervasive, so he is frequently echoed. b. See plays as a pattern, either in plot or theme or both. Examples: i. Hamlet: heroic character, revenge, indecision, melancholy nature ii. Henry IV—a young man who must grow up

Understanding Of Research Methodology †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Understanding Of Research Methodology. Answer: Research Objective and Research Questions The research objective of a paper states what the study is aiming to achieve form the study. It outlines and from s a guideline for the researcher to keep the research topic narrow and focused. Research objectives is one of the first steps that are taken while developing the report of the study so that it is also easy for the reader of the report to understand and keep up with the thought process of the researcher. The research objective is closely followed by the research questions. These are based on the objectives and are an interrogative sentence which the researcher has to answer in the findings in order to give the report a holistic support of the hypothesis. The part of the report that follows the questions is focused on answering the question and thereby finding a solution to an issue. The research questions of the study concentrates on the topic, establishes the methodology that has to be followed while doing the study. It also guides all phases of inquiry, examination, and synthesis of the information (Ary et al., 2013). In the first, third and fourth case the question of research is not stated clearly it is hidden in the abstract and the introduction of the study neither is the objective of the research it is a direct approach. On the other hand, in the second and the fifth case the questions are stated clearly in from of bullet points whereas the introduction suggests the objective and aim of the study also the title of the study is clear about the objective. While reading the abstract and introduction of all the cases, the objectives of the research are being clear. The title of the report also suggests the objectives but do not have the question that has to be addressed in the research process. One of the main reasons to omit these steps is the limitation in the word count the researcher has straight jumped in to the research process with data and analysis. It is a possibility that the research methodology that precedes this report has the objectives and the questions mentioned. I would have written two separate sections in the report stating research objectives and research question so as to create a flow in the structure. It also gives definition to the report. It would also help the reader of my study to have a better understanding of the idea I have while conducting the study (Sekaran Bougie, 2016). Critical analysis of the review of literature Data collection has two methods one is collection of new information known as primary data collection and the other is gathering information from the data that is already available in the topic. The review of the literature is the process by which the data that has been earlier researched by other authors in the same topic is discussed and used to form the base of the primary research. In the process of literature review the researcher can opt to gather data form books, journal articles, e-documents, company documents, government documents etc. One of the most important factors that is associated with literature reviewing is the proper referencing of the document. The work of another author should be respected and honored while using their work as an aid to the study. In the cases that is been analyzed the literature review has been done in various ways. In case1, the author of the study has used the literature as a guide to develop an deeper understanding of the topic, it is a theoretical review. Whereas in case2 and case4 , does not have a section that is dedicated to the secondary research as the researcher is dealing with a contemporary topic and the author describes as procedure in details. In case3, the literature does not have a definition rather the researcher has separated sections under sub headings and used information from other authors, this is also called integrative review. Case5 has a previous research section which is the literature review, it follows a pattern of systematic as well as theoretical review pattern where an overview of existing evidence applicable to a clearly formulated research. It follows the process of cause and effect. The aim of the literature is to form an idea of the theories that are involved in taking the r esearch process forward. The theoretical literature review help determine what and analyze the theories that already exist, the associations in between the topic and these theories, to what extent the existing theories have been examined, and to develop new hypotheses to be analyzed (Machi McEvoy, 2016). Most of the sources that have been cited in the papers are taken from journal articles and books. E-documents are mostly avoided by researchers as the authenticities of these documents are not reliable (Aveyard, 2014). review of the main business theories Case1: The theory that has been used in this paper is financial performance analysis of a company. According to Fifka (2013), the ratios of profit and loss account are a mirror image of the performance of the company in the last financial year, by comparing the final accounts of the company with previous years accounts or with the accounts of the competitors in the market. The profit of a company is the revenue minus the cost, hence it can be said that when a company is earning profit then the company is performing well, now to decide whether the companys performance is increasing or decreasing the accounts of the previous year can be used as a marker. The attributes used in the P and L account can be used to understand the position of the company and the resource utilization efficiency as well. Case2: According to Karanth Mahesh (2015), knowledge Analytics is the theory that has been discussed in details in this document. It is a process by which the company uses the knowledge at its disposal to enhance the operations of the business. The authors describe the knowledge analytics follows a seven steps procedure: identification and understanding the business drivers, keep parity in between the KM plan and the investment procedure, implementation of the KM strategies followed by the analysis of the data, critical analysis of the information to understand the patterns, to draw a conclusion form the data that has been analyzed and lastly implementation of the process. Case3: The theory that has been the undertone of the study is supply chain. The Cargo aircrafts are used in the relief of the natural disasters. Balcik et al. (2016) states that in a supply chain there is a supplier, manufacturer, assembly, distribution and logistics. During emergency situations necessities like food, water and medical help supply is regarded as the prime concern. The communication process is almost terminated in case of any climatic natural disaster and hence the airways are the only method of reaching the people who are being affected. According to Stadtler (2015), a logical and logistically feasible supply chain management has to be implemented in these situations. In a humanitarian act of supply chain it is imperative to quickly accommodate the victims requirements by providing and positioning assistance, services and materials. Commercial supply chain involves attributes like place, people, time, and quantities and this is same for this supply chain as well but what is different is that it is loaded with uncertainty and time and resource constraints juxtaposing the commercial supply chain requirements making the process more challenging. Case4: in a business process, knowledge plays an important role. Hislop (2013), states thatKnowledge management is the concept by which a company utilizes the data and information and implements it in the daily operations of the business. It enables the companies work in a smart way in order to gain rapid growth and development. The policies and the decisions taken by the management of any organization should be based inknowledge management so that the performance and the efficiency of the resources, product or services can be improved. Case 5: Accounting ratios is the analysis of two aspects of the financial statement; it is used to establish an idea about the operation of the business of the organization. Depending on the rules and regulations laid by the government and the accounting authorities of a country the company implements the accounting standards. This may create the disparity in the accounting books of companies in two different countries (Collier, 2015). Critical evaluation of the appropriateness of choice of type research The research procedure of synthesizing the data can involve two different types of method: quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative research is the process which includes the logical reasoning flow of data with the help of numerical and statistical back up, there is a tabular or graphical representation of the analysis which help in the synthesis of information. The importance of this procedure of synthesizing the data are: it explains the variables clearly to the reader; it establishes reviews and identifies the dynamics of the variables; it also establishes the cause and effect impact among the variables (Clemence et al., 2014). On the other hand, qualitative research is more based upon gathering insightful and theoretical knowledge about the topic of research in order to gain better understanding about the related aspects. This process helps the researcher to identify the challenges in the topic as well and then tries to find a solution and conclude the study by linking the objectives (Creswell, 2013). Case1: In this report quantitative method of research has been analyzed, the report has detailed tables and graphical representation of information and logical representation of facts with figures. Case2: This is a qualitative descriptive research paper which includes theories to explain and identify the attributes of the topic. Few info-graphics are used to further simplify the topic to the readers. The most important reason of the qualitative research is innovation and addition of a new theory to the topic of knowledge management. It sites some of the problems with plausible solution through knowledge analytics. Case3: This case study also helps develop a descriptive qualitative analysis of the topic of research. The authors of the study have used historical and theoretical evidences to prove the objective and answer the questions of the study. Several info-graphics are used to identify the challenges and the solution (Eriksson and Kovalainen, 2015). Case4: This report also has a mixture of quantitative and qualitative research approach in a descriptive way. The graphs used in the report helps the author and the reader analyze the situation that is being discussed better (Ragin, 2013). Case5: the approach of this study is quantitative in nature; depending on the topic that has been researched the approaches are chosen by the researcher. As this document deals with the financing theories of two different places the approach has to be in the quantitative form in order to reach a plausible solution to the problem statement and answer the questions of the research (Venkatesh et al., 2013). Critical evaluation of the sampling design The population of a research paper is defined as the people who are affected by the research topic. In this population the researcher has to choose a sample size. Sample size is referred to as the group of people who contribute to the individual case and samples of the observation of data collected in the survey. The accuracy and the reliability of the survey depend up on the way the sample size has been selected (Claro et al., 2015). The sample size chosen in the case studies are: in the first case study a company has been chosen from furniture industry of Romania, this is selected randomly and hence it can be said that non-probability method is selected. Case2: the study has been identified to be based on secondary research which means that there is no sample size selected to conduct the new data has been gathered. Case3: This paper is also based on secondary qualitative research; hence there is no selected sample size. Case 4: On the other hand, this case has 84 organizations taken as a sample size and a quantitative research has been conducted, the organizations which are selected are based on the non-probability method. Case 5: The sample sizes of the US companies are selected on the base of probability method as the companies that are taken to study have to match with the Latin American companies. In terms of operation nature of business, scale and size etc. this selection process is also termed as pooled sample size. This process will ensure high precision in the study. The sample size chosen for the Latin American companies are 2,012 (Lotterhos Whitlock, 2015). Critical evaluation of the research instruments Secondary research is the process of studying and linking the information that is already available in the topic that is being researched. The secondary research is done by reviewing documents, books or information in the e-documents. Whereas, Primary research is the process by which a researcher gathers new information about the topic of research. This new information is then analysed and synthesized in order to reach a conclusion which is in sync with the objective of the research. Primary research is the process that is employed by the researcher in a number of ways: surveys, interviews, pilot testing, observation, focused groups etc. The primary data collection procedure helps the researcher to build proof and support the arguments in the research process (Flick, 2015). The primary data that has been collected in the cases that has been discussed are as follows: Case1: This study has been conducted by reviewing the dedicated literature concerning the topic of analysis that is based on the structural rates of the profit and loss account. Hence there is only secondary data in the document that has been synthesized to reach the desired conclusion. Primary research is absent in this study. The authos developed a model on the basis of the literature that has been reviewed in order to analyze and identify structural rates. Case2: Secondary research has been implemented in this paper to build a new concept and method of gathering knowledge and using in the daily operations of the business. It is a quantitative paper as there are several graphical and tabular format information that has been used to describe the readers the concept and the perspective of the researcher. Case3: This paper also includes the process of secondary data collection, which includes historical evidences as well as information related to the statics tics of disasters and how cargo aircrafts are used in the process of transferring the relief and help materials to the people who have been affected in the disaster. Case4: In this study survey has been conducted and quantitative analysis has been done to support the argument of the author. The surveys are explained with the help of graphs and charts in order to give the reader a critical analysis. Case5: This is a study that includes observation as the primary research tools, the financial documents of the chosen sample size companies are studied in order to gain insight about the types of account standard sand ratios that are used. A quantitative research process has been developed in order to understand the disparity in the accounting standards and ratios (Bryman Bell, 2015). Reference list: Ary, D., Jacobs, L. C., Irvine, C. K. S., Walker, D. (2013).Introduction to research in education. Cengage Learning. Aveyard, H. (2014).Doing a literature review in health and social care: A practical guide. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Balcik, B., Bozkir, C. D. C., Kundakcioglu, O. E. (2016). A literature review on inventory management in humanitarian supply chains.Surveys in Operations Research and Management Science. Bryman, A., Bell, E. (2015).Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Claro, T., O'reilly, M., Daniels, S., Humphreys, H. (2015). Surface microbial contamination in hospitals: A pilot study on methods of sampling and the use of proposed microbiologic standards.American journal of infection control,43(9), 1000-1002. Clemence, A., Doise, W., Lorenzi-Cioldi, F. (2014).The quantitative analysis of social representations. Routledge. Collier, P. M. (2015).Accounting for managers: Interpreting accounting information for decision making. John Wiley Sons. Creswell, J. W. (2013).Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications. Eriksson, P. and Kovalainen, A., 2015.Qualitative methods in business research: A practical guide to social research. Sage. Etter, E. R., Lippincott, B., Reck, J. (2006). An analysis of US and Latin American financial accounting ratios.Advances in International Accounting,19, 145-173. Fifka, M. S. (2013). Corporate responsibility reporting and its determinants in comparative perspectivea review of the empirical literature and a meta?analysis.Business strategy and the environment,22(1), 1-35. Flick, U. (2015).Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. California, United States of America: Sage. Hislop, D. (2013).Knowledge management in organizations: A critical introduction. Oxford University Press. Karanth, P., Mahesh, K. (2015). From Data to Knowledge Analytics: Capabilities and Limitations.Information Studies,21(4), 261. Knotts, R.. Barry, E. (2014). Climate-Related Humanitarian Relief: A Mission for Cargo Airships. Knowledge Sharing in the Flow: Survey Results. (2017).apqc.org. Retrieved 7 November 2017, from https://www.apqc.org/sites/default/files/files/Knowledge%20Sharing%20in%20the%20Flow%20Survey%20Results%20on%20KM%20implementation%282%29.pdf Lotterhos, K. E., Whitlock, M. C. (2015). The relative power of genome scans to detect local adaptation depends on sampling design and statistical method.Molecular ecology,24(5), 1031-1046. Machi, L. A., McEvoy, B. T. (2016).The literature review: Six steps to success. Corwin Press. Marginean, R., Mihaltan, D. C., Todea, N. (2015). Structure Ratios of Profit and Loss AccountSource of Information for Performance Analysis.Procedia Economics and Finance,26, 396-403. ODell, C. (2012), Knowledge Analytics, A FRESH WAY OF THINKING ABOUT AN OLD PROBLEM. APQC. Ragin, C. C. (2013).The comparative method: Moving beyond qualitative and quantitative strategies. Univ of California Press. Sekaran, U., Bougie, R. (2016).Research methods for business: A skill building approach. John Wiley Sons. Stadtler, H. (2015). Supply chain management: An overview. In Supply chain management and advanced planning(pp. 3-28). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Venkatesh, V., Brown, S. A., Bala, H. (2013). Bridging the qualitative-quantitative divide: Guidelines for conducting mixed methods research in information systems.MIS quarterly,37(1).

womens rights Essays (613 words) - Office Work, Sexism,

Throughout many years preceding World War I, many women were not happy with their jobs. In 1870 most women worked in the agriculture of their homes, or did domestic service. Even by 1910 though, more women were already working in factories, offices, stores and telephone exchanges. As opposed to 14.8% in 1870, 24% of women were now working in 1910. The practices of withdrawing from work once married and only returning when necessary (i.e. husband?s salary decreased, laid off, injured, desertion) was unfortunately still being widely accepted and practiced. The birth of modern corporations began to change the location and nature of women?s paid labor and was an important factor in the advancement of women?s labor (Greenwald 5). Multi plant firms began to transform the structure of business, as well as adding an element of elementary competition. There were still although a few financial giants, created by vital industries, such as John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, Swift, Borden, whose practices ultimately determined how people lived, and what they bought (Greenwald 7). As large factories increasingly began to replace older and smaller factories, skilled work became less needed and women even started to make goods as machine tenders. Already, this reorganization was improving women?s status in the work force. There was although a great deal of gender segregation, women were low paid and restricted to unskilled and semiskilled jobs, usually in textile mills, food processing, apparel, tobacco factories, and commercial laundries. Men of course were given jobs concerning transportation and heavy industry. Unfortunately, as heavy industry became increasingly important, it resulted in fewer opportunities for women because companies were hiring more men. Another factor of unfairness was the fact that women were barred from apprenticeship programs resulting in the loss of better-paid and more sophisticated jobs in the metal industry (Greenwald 11). World War I though would provide a great opportunity for women to get ahead and although the movement into the work force was already underway, and it would certainly provide as a stimulus. As a result of World War I and changing social views, women?s role and place in American Society changed greatly. The results of World War I on women?s place in society can be seen clearly in statistical evidence. Between 1910-1920 there was a dramatic increase in women in offices as clerks and in semi-skilled jobs, such as typists, cashiers, and typists. At the same time although, there was a decrease of women cleaners, tailoresses, dressmakers and servants. As the men began to leave for war from America, more women began to work, the substantial change although was not the number of new entrants in the work force, but the numbers of women changing jobs and the new opportunities being opened to them. Many women decided to change jobs in hopes of better opportunities. Increased job standardization, specialization of work and increasing supervision resulted in making many jobs interchangeable. Women cashiers for instance would become fare collectors or retail workers would move to office work. This was called skill dilution and it enabled workers to move from one area to another. As the war progressed there was a greater need for American War materials, and after the 2nd draft of men in late summer, the male workforce was greatly decreased. Companies began to beg for workers, especially those that had contracts to fill and war resources to supply. Businesses realized the number of women who could work and began to print ads saying ?Women Wanted?. Bridgeport munitions even distributed flyers from an airplane urging women to leave their homes and work. This created many new opportunities for women, and they soon realized that. As women changed jobs and took over those formally done by white men, black women took the opportunity to do those formally of white women. This was the first time a white woman could chose her job, and she t...

RICCI Surname Meaning and Family History

RICCI Surname Meaning and Family History Derived from the Italian adjective ricco, meaning curly, the Ricci surname  and its variations are a nickname for someone with curly hair. A patronymic or plural form of Riccio. Surname Origin:  Italian Alternate Surname Spellings:  RICCIO, RIZZI, RIZZO, RIZZA, RISSO, RICCELLI, RICCIARELLI, RICCETTI, RICCINI, RICCIOLI, RICCIOLINO, RICCIULLI, RICCIOTTI, RICCIONI, RICCIUTO, RICCERI, RICCITIELLO, RIZZELLO, RIZZIELLO RIZZETTI, RIZZETTO, RIZZINI, RIZZOLI, RIZZOLA, RIZZOTTI, RIZZONI, RIZZONE, RIZZARI, RIZZATO, RIZZIERI, RIZZUTI, RISSOLO   Famous People with the Surname RICCI Christina Ricci - American actressRuggiero Ricci - American violinist Genealogy Resources for the Surname RICCI Meanings of Common Italian SurnamesUncover the meaning of your Italian last name with this free guide to Italian surname meanings and origins for the most common Italian surnames. Ricci  Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Ricci  family crest or coat of arms for the Ricci surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. RICCI  Family Genealogy ForumThis free message board is focused on descendants of Ricci  ancestors around the world. Search the archives for messages related to your Ricci ancestors, or join the group and post your own query. FamilySearch - RICCI  GenealogyExplore over 680,000  results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Ricci  surname and variations on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. RICCI  Surname Mailing ListThis free mailing list for researchers of the Ricci  surname and its variations offers subscription details and a searchable archives of past messages. DistantCousin.com - RICCI  Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Ricci. GeneaNet - Ricci RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Ricci  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Ricci  Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Ricci  surname from the website of Genealogy Today.- References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back to  Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins

-CER - French Spelling Change Verbs Examples

s Verbs that end in -cer, like lancer, have a spelling change before endings that begin with the hard vowels a or o. Because c followed by a or o would make a hard c sound (like in cold), the c has to change to à § (c with a cedilla) to keep the c soft (as in cell).In the present tense and the imperative, this c à § spelling change is found only in the nous conjugation: lanà §ons. It is needed in the present participle, lanà §ant, but not the past participle, lancà ©. And it occurs in the following tenses/moods: Imperfect - singular conjugations plus the third person pluralPassà © simple - all conjugations except the third person pluralImperfect subjunctive - all conjugations There is no spelling change in the conditional, future, or subjunctive.The table below summarizes just the spelling change conjugations, or you can see lancer conjugated in all tenses.All verbs that end in -cer undergo this spelling change, including  Ã‚  Ã‚  annoncer  Ã‚  Ã‚  to announce  Ã‚  Ã‚  avancer  Ã‚  Ã‚  to advance  Ã‚  Ã‚  commencer  Ã‚  Ã‚  to begin  Ã‚  Ã‚  dà ©noncer  Ã‚  Ã‚  to denounce  Ã‚  Ã‚  divorcer  Ã‚  Ã‚  to divorce  Ã‚  Ã‚  effacer  Ã‚  Ã‚  to erase  Ã‚  Ã‚  lancer  Ã‚  Ã‚  to throw  Ã‚  Ã‚  menacer  Ã‚  Ã‚  to threaten  Ã‚  Ã‚  placer  Ã‚  Ã‚  to put  Ã‚  Ã‚  prononcer  Ã‚  Ã‚  to pronounce  Ã‚  Ã‚  remplacer  Ã‚  Ã‚  to replace  Ã‚  Ã‚  renoncer  Ã‚  Ã‚  to renounce Present Imperfect Pass simple Imperfect subjunctive Participles je lance lanais lanai lanasse tu lances lanais lanas lanasses Present il lance lanait lana lant lanant nous lanons lancions lanmes lanassions vous lancez lanciez lantes lanassiez Past ils lancent lanaient lancrent lanassent lanc

Developing leadership and Global Recession Essay

Developing leadership and Global Recession - Essay Example However, countries which are wealthy were able to cope with recession to an extent. According to AusAID(2010)â€Å"Those  with stronger economies and more financial resources  were able to implement effective policy responses to support the economy and weathered the global recession relatively well†. In combating a worldwide threat like global recession, an organization needs to make visible changes in their leadership styles and business strategies. The issue of global recession demands a leader to change his attitude in conducting business in order to be flexible and realistic. Global recession is a serious issue and threatens the financial structure of a company and its profitability. As per Sawan(2008) â€Å"A recession normally takes place when consumers lose confidence in the growth of the economy and spend less† . In such a condition the objectives and aim of a business needs to be revised and reconsidered according to the demands of the situation. Implicatio n of Leadership on Global Recession a) Autocratic Leadership: This is a leadership style in which the whole decision making process of the business is vested with a single individual. Here the whole group members in an organization are monitored by the autocrat leader. In the event of global recession, the leaders should make effort to increase the confidence of share holders along with motivating staff to achieve maximum profit returns. An autocratic leader has more visionary skills and can implement strategies with less time and effort as consultation with other employees are not required. As an autonomous authority, he can analyze the prospects of the product market and make alternative choices to increase the demand for the product. As per Kiselev(2007)â€Å"An autocratic leader likes to make decisions himself. This leader relies on personal experience and input he has sought, not the voluntary contributions of others†. This kind of leadership is not viable with global re cession concept as co-operation and co – ordination wit all employees can solely achieve long term success for business. b) Democratic Leadership: A democratic leader is one who considers everyone’s opinion and solution on a specific problem before taking a decision. In this kind of leadership, the leader conducts meeting with group members and discuss the complexities of the business in the event of economical downturn. The conclusions are drawn considering the suggestion of all mangers and experts in the organization. During a recession period, most of the organization cut off employees in order to reduce cost, so a declarative leader must plan with organizational heads to retain experienced and skilled employees and disown employees who are less productive. According to Hansen(2011,pg.268)â€Å" Democratic style displays the leadership strength of the leader and usually generates respect from the team member c) Laissez –faire Leadership: In laissez – faire leadership, the decision making power is least vested with a particular individual. The decision making authority is distributed among various employees of the organization and they have strong hold on the business activity of an organization. In times of recession, it will be valuable if many employees have freedom to exercise their power to take action on relevant areas of an organization. In recession period, the organization has to take instant decisions to

Filariasis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Filariasis - Essay Example depending on what type of parasitic worm has caused the infection, but most of the time all infection start with symptoms like chills, headache, and fever between three months and one year after the insect bite. There may also be swelling, redness, and pain in the arms, legs, or scrotum at the early stages. As far as the diagnosis of filariasis is concerned Identification of microfilariae by microscopic examination is the most practical diagnostic procedure. Examination of blood samples will allow identification of microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi and Brugia timori. It is important to time the blood collection with the known periodicity of the microfilariae. The blood sample can be a thick smear, stained with Giemsa or hematoxylin and eosin. More recently a new type of diagnosis process has emerged, known to be as cytodiagnosis. A number of evidences have been put forwarded by a number of researchers showing its efficiency. However, time has not come to claim that it is the best methods although at present it seems to be very effective. Whether cytodiagnosis would be the most effective diagnosis process or not, people have be very conscious about the disease filariasis and should take proper medication if infected, and proper preventative measures to reduce the probability of being infected. Filariasis is known to be as a group of diseases, mainly found in and sub-tropical regions, caused by a variety of parasitic round worms (nematodes) and their larvae. The disease is transmitted to human body by the larvae through a mosquito bite. Filariasis is generally characterized by a number of symptoms like fever, chills, headache, and skin lesions in the early stages. If filariasis remains untreated, it results in gross enlargement of the limbs and genitalia, which is called elephantiasis. (Sasa, 1976) In Southeast Asia, South America, Africa, and the islands of the Pacific, all of which are situated in tropical or sub-tropical region, approximately

Devils man Essay Example for Free

Devils man Essay This scene is also very captivating as there are so many different storylines and agendas going on in it, on the surface you have Elizabeth Proctor lying for her husband which results in them having a dire consequence, and Hales dramatic change of opinion. Underneath you have Abigail pushing Mary to join her by getting herself and her tools (other girls from Salem) to act as if they are being possessed by Mary and Mary has transfigured herself into a yellow bird Oh Mary this is a black art to change your shape. Abigail knows she has to win Mary over to her side so all are ganged up against John Proctor as he has started violently accusing Abigail Give me a whip, Ill stop it and Abigail realises these accusations have to stop. Abigail knows it will not take long for Mary to cave in, and this is what makes Abigail such an alluring character, as in this scene I cannot help but quite like her as she is so over the top and melodramatic, from a modern day reader of the play the ridiculousness but intelligence of her ideas provide a lot of the appealing aspects of the play and especially this scene. It would be a mistake to say Abigail is totally evil as in the same way it would be a mistake to say Proctor is totally good as although in the end of the play he dies a martyr as he refuses to confess to witch-craft we cannot forget he did commit adultery and has had more than a few feuds with other members of Salem (most notably Parris). Abigail also witnessed her parents deaths and therefore was bought up with no family around her. She also is totally in love with John Proctor and would do anything to wed him and by accusing Elizabeth of witchcraft all she is doing is trying to get closer to John. Another engaging aspect of this scene is the fact that the audience watching the play experiences so many emotions. There is the anxiety and suspense felt when Elizabeth has to say if her husband was a lecher, and then there is the tragic, saddened emotion when you realise what is going to happen to John Proctor as Elizabeth said he had had no affair. There is the excitement when Abigail fakes Marys possession of her, and also the shock of Hales remarkable change in character. I believe what makes this play so popular, and what is particularly represented in this scene is all the characters are so human, their personalities so deep and structured. I feel this is for many reasons although predominately because Miller wrote the characters from The Crucible from historic evidence in Salem town records- many of the characters names appear in the records and even Proctors affair is recorded. Also what makes these characters so realistic is there are no characters who are purely good or purely bad and what makes them so enthralling is they all have their little faults for example (Proctor to Elizabeth) You ought to bring some flowers in the house. Oh I forgot! I will tomorrow. This shows us Elizabeth can at times be forgetful which makes the audience able to relate to her and the rest of the characters as everyone has their own imperfections. John Proctor is an extremely enchanting character, however at times personally I felt he became a little tiresome especially during the end when he keeps on at Elizabeth whether she will forgive him if he confesses to witchcraft and lies to God I would have your forgiveness, Elizabeth. In this scene though Proctor has an unnerving desperation about him pleading for his wifes and his own lives. It only hit me when I had just finished the book the similarities between John Proctor and Arthur Miller himself as they were both persecuted and punished for things out of their control (Miller for not being anti-communist) and John Proctor (for being accused of trafficking with the Devil). They also both refused to confess as neither of them felt they were guilty of a crime and therefore were in effect Martyrs although Miller did not die. Principally, however the main reason I like this scene so much is from a dramatic point of view. It would be fantastic to perform as there is so much going on and the characters are so well formed by Miller. There is also a vast contrast of characters to play in the scene. What also makes it appealing from a theatrical aspect is the roller coaster of emotions and changes of emotions, which happen so quickly. This passage is also a prime example of why Miller wrote the play, which is a further reason I admire the scene so much. This scene shows not only the persecution of a man who is innocent like the persecution of the communists, but also shows the power of religion, and how when the majority of people in a community believe something so passionately in this instance God and Christianity, arguing against it will do far more harm than good. It shows the dangers of living in a theocratic society where everything is kept behind closed doors, and when it is exposed the consequences can be literally in Salem in the seventeenth century, fatal. This scene is strengthened by the 17th century language, which adds a certain harsh quality to the way the line sounds. The ending of the scene is my favourite part of the passage, this is because the is when Mary sees Danforth is believing Abigail more and more and she knows that she will be hanged if she does not join Abigail. Therefore she admits to speaking with the Devil, but says to the court (Mary pointing at Proctor) You are the Devils man! This surprises everyone probably even Mary herself as she didnt think she was strong enough to do it, but she realises fighting against Abigail was fighting a losing battle. Throughout the play there are many interesting and dramatic scenes, which captivated my imagination, however this scene stood out above all others largely because of the acting potential and the tremendous depth to the characters although the reasons above also played a part in why I enjoyed the scene. Recently Arthur miller was stated saying, At least the play is still living I believe it certainly is.

House Of The Seven Gables :: essays research papers

How does an author’s personal history or cultural background influence what he or she writes about? Are history and literature related? I believe that many authors a very influenced by their own background and the subjects they write about. Authors write about what is familiar. Authors write about something that they feel strongly about or love. I also feel that history and literature are closely related. Many great novels of this world have their basis in stories of the past, true stories taken from history. For one thing, authors usually write about what they already know about or what they see, or what they experience in life. They often write about the history of their family, town, or whatever place they live in. Books where the author understands his subject and feels comfortable and passionate about it are the most interesting. When an author’s writing has been influenced by his or her personal history and cultural background, the writer understands it. It’s also much easier for an author to write about something having to do with their personal history or cultural background. If we are familiar with a subject it is much easier to convince our reader of the ‘experience’ or ‘story’ that is being written about. Although Nathaniel Hawthorne’s allegory, The House of Seven Gables, was not entirely true, the incomparable part of it had to do with his personal history and his cultural background. His relation to the house was from his cousin Phoebe and the ideas about the witch trials were because he was living in the very time they were taking place. Therefore, I do think that the personal history and cultural background affect what the author writes about whether the book be fiction or non-fiction, but most of the time, non-fiction. An example of an author I can come up with where I strongly think their personal history and cultural background significantly influence what she writes about is Amy Tan. I have read two of her novels, The Joyluck Club and The Kitchen God’s Wife. She wrote about Chinese Americans living in San Francisco. A subject she knows much about and has lived through. Her books are so fascinating because she knows her subject well. They are novels yes, but we can trust that in many ways this is what a Chinese mother living in San Francisco may have behaved like or said. History and literature are also linked by way of story.

Yakult

Yakult was established in Japan in 1930. Their core product is YakultProbiotics fermented milk which was proved to help people’s health and wellness, as well asnice complexion and a slim form. Yakult entered Vietnam in 2006 (Yakult Vietnam) and theyhave just made their sales since June 2008. Up to now, the business operations do not live up to expectation due to their incompetentmarketing and promotional activities. As a consequence, this report was composed to analyzeYakult Vietnam’s current situation, and recommend feasible marketing strategies to help themincrease their sales in Ho Chi Minh City market in particular. Continue Depressive Nowadays, almost everyone had heard Yakult. In our view, Yakult is an extremely famous beverages company. However, how can we imagine this small beverage can be an international product at the start? We believed that one of the successful reasons is their marketing strategies, say, Yakult place various advertisements, regularly and develop different flavor in different countries. Therefore, we are trying to find out what marketing strategies they are using in Hong Kong, Japan and Singapore, also what are the advantages and disadvantages of these marketing strategies. What is Yakult? Yakult is a fermented milk drink made by fermenting skim milk powder and sugar with the beneficial bacteria Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain. This bacterium helps to replenish the good bacteria in the small intestine, ensuring that our digestive system works efficiently and effectively. Is Yakult artificially coloured? No. The colour of Yakult is naturally acquired when the skim milk powder and sugar are heated together at high temperatures, prior to fermentation. Are there any preservatives in Yakult? No. The product is preserved naturally by the lactic acid produced by the bacteria Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain during fermentation. What is the shelf life of Yakult? The shelf life of Yakult is 45 days from the day of manufacture. The use-by-date can be found in two places: †¢On the back of our product packaging. †¢On the top of the foil cap on each individual bottle. 1. What is Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain? Lactobacillus casei are beneficial bacteria, which reach the intestines alive to favourably alter the balance of bacteria in the digestive system. Our unique, patented â€Å"Shirota Strain† is exceptionally acid resistant. It easily survives the journey through the gastric juices and bile acids produced during digestion to arrive alive in our intestine, helping to keep our digestive system working efficiently What is the role of Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain? †¢To help normalise the balance of intestinal flora. †¢To assist in regulating the peristaltic movement (natural rhythm) of the bowel. †¢To help reduce detrimental substances produced by harmful bacteria. 3. How many bacteria are in a bottle of Yakult? There are 6. 5 billion Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain in every 65ml bottle of Yakult If drinking Yakult for a long time, can the Yakult strain of bacteria become a permanent resident of the small intestine? No. Ingested bacteria cannot become a permanent resident of the human intestine. Ingested bacteria stays in the intestine for a short period of time before being excreted. To maintain a balance of intestinal flora, the bacteria need to be replenished on a regular basis. Is there anyone who should not drink Yakult? Any individuals that experience allergies to cow's milk protein or those with sensitivity to citrus should not drink Yakult. 2. Is Yakult suitable for people with diabetes? Yes. People with diabetes can enjoy Yakult and Yakult LIGHT as part of a healthy diet. Despite the amount of sugar in Yakult and Yakult LIGHT (refer Nutrition section), the type of sugar used enters the blood gradually and does not significantly increase blood glucose levels. This means that both products have a low Glycaemic Index (GI). †¢Yakult GI = 46 (Low) †¢Yakult LIGHT GI = 36 (Low) How much sugar is in Yakult? There are 11. 4 grams of sugar per 65mL bottle of Yakult, which is equivalent to two heaped teaspoons. Yakult LIGHT contains 7. 1 grams of sugar per 65mL bottle. There are a number of reasons why sugar is in Yakult: †¢Some sugar is added prior to fermentation for the bacteria to use as fuel. This enables them to grow and multiply. †¢After fermentation, some sugar is added to provide an energy source for the duration of the 45-day shelf life of the product. †¢A small quantity of sugar is also added for taste. This is because the bacteria produce lactic acid resulting in a slightly sour taste. Sweetener (955), known as sucralose, is added to Yakult LIGHT for taste. 1. How many calories/kilojoules per bottle? There are 51 calories or 213 kilojoules per bottle of Yakult. This is about the same energy content as a medium apple. Yakult LIGHT contains 35 calories or 149 kilojoules per bottle. 2. Is there any fat or cholesterol in Yakult? No. Yakult is fat free and cholesterol free because it is made from skim milk powder. Yakult is worth 0. 5 points on the Weight Watchers 1,2,3 point system. 3. Can Yakult replace milk for calcium intake? No. Yakult contains only a small amount of calcium because there is only a small amount of skim milk powder in Yakult. Such a small volume (65mL) means that it cannot be substituted for milk as a source of calcium. Who discovered Yakult? Dr Shirota discovered the Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain more than 70 years ago. He then incorporated this unique bacteria into a fruity tasty drink which he called Yakult. Named in honour of Dr Shirota’s discovery, this unique beneficial bacteria is known to contribute to digestive balance and is enjoyed daily by more than 25 million eople worldwide. Yakult’s Shirota strain: †¢ Is resistant to stomach acids and reaches the intestines alive †¢ Controls levels of harmful bacteria †¢ Helps maintain digestive balance †¢ Replenishes the number of good bacteria that may have been depleted by antibiotics, stress, natural ageing, or poor food and drink choices. †¢ Helps regulate bowel movements †¢ Helps boost natu ral immunity; particularly when you’re run down. Yakult is: †¢ Gluten free †¢ Fat free †¢ Cholesterol free †¢ Low Lactose (1g/bottle) †¢ Low GI – Yakult GI = 46, Yakult LIGHT GI = 36 Yakult contains: †¢ NO artificial colours †¢ NO artificial flavours †¢ NO preservatives Plus, only Yakult contains the live, beneficial Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain. There are two types of Yakult cultured milk drink. One is with the red cap while the other is with the blue cap (as shown above in the photo). The blue cap is the less sugar drink while the red cap is the original flavor and the blue cap is a little bit more expensive compare to the red cap bottle. The sugar level in the original flavor Yakult drink is similar to the sugar level in an apple. Probiotics is a dietary supplement of live bacteria or yeast that is considered to be healthy for the host organism. They are inteded to assist the body’s gut flora, a naturally occurring ecology of microbes, to re-establish themselves. There are claims that probiotics strengthen the immune system against allergies, excess alcohol intake, stress, exposure to toxic substances and some diseases. Depending on the strain, there are benefits such as prevention of colon cancer, lowering cholesterol, blood pressure and many others. Yakult Honsha Co. , Ltd was established in Japan in 1930. Their core product is YakultProbiotics fermented milk which was proved to help people’s health and wellness, as well asnice complexion and a slim form. Yakult entered Vietnam in 2006 (Yakult Vietnam) and theyhave just made their sales since June 2008. Up to now, the business operations do not live up to expectation due to their incompetentmarketing and promotional activities. As a consequence, this report was composed to analyzeYakult Vietnam’s current situation, and recommend feasible marketing strategies to help themincrease their sales in Ho Chi Minh City market in particular.

Beowulf Discussion Questions

E4-9-2-Beowulf Discussion Questions #11. Herot was the place in which men would gather with their King, drink mead and listen to bards sing songs of God. 2. Grendel’s lair is like a swamp it is far away from the kingdom and it is where the other monsters live as well. Grendel’s lair compared to Herot which is lavish and elaborate and not swampy and stinky. 3. The significance of Grendel being descended from Cain was so significant because Cain killed his own brother, Abel the first murder in the Bible. 4.Grendel attacks Herot because he does not like the songs about God’s creation of the earth sung by the bards it makes him angry. 5. Herot symbolized the greatness of the kingdom before the coming of Grendel. Unfortunately after it became a place of fear and concern many people stopped coming to celebrate the King’s excellence because they were afraid of Grendel. 6. Hrothgar’s lieutenant was concerned about the arrival of Beowulf & men because he was not sure of what they wanted, he was being cautious. 7.The lieutenant soon realizes Beowulf as a hero when they arrive onshore as outsiders without fear stating his business as being a help to the King by killing Grendel. 8. Unferth brings up Beowulf ’swimming match with Brecca because he wanted to prove Beowulf isn’t the hero everyone says he is. In return, Beowulf responds by saying first of all that he is drunk and that he did slay the monster and eight other sea beasts. 9. Welthow is the Queen and also the hostess in Herot. The narrator praises her for being so kind and serving other before herself. 10. Hrothgar’s speech is significant because he speaks to all telling them to bond together in battle trust no one else other than your men and you will all have true victory. 11. As Beowulf and his men wait for Grendel’s arrival, Beowulf thinks that he is as dangerous as Grendel and that his men fear for their lives doubting if they will even live until morning. 12. Grendel is referred to as a demon or dreadful monster. Grendel symbolizes the evil that is tormenting the Danes.

Free Essays on The Age Of Reason

just quoted "in the state it has since appeared." For on August 5, 1794, Francois Lanthenas, in an appeal for Paine's liberation, wrote as follows: "I deliver to Merlin de Thionville a copy of the last work of T. Payne [The Age of Reason], formerly our colleague, and in custody since the decree excluding foreigners from the national representation. This book was written by the author in the beginning of the year '93 (old style). I undertook its translation before the revolution against priests, and it was published in Fren! ch about the same time. Couthon, to whom I sent it, seemed offended with me for having translated this work." Under the frown of Couthon, one of the most atrocious colleagues of Robespierre, this early publication seems to have been so effectually suppressed that no copy bearing that date, 1793, can be found in France or elsewhere. In Paine's letter to Samuel Adams, printed in the present volume, he says that he had it translated into French, to stay the progress of atheism, and that he endangered his life "b... Free Essays on The Age Of Reason Free Essays on The Age Of Reason THE AGE OF REASON IN the opening year, 1793, when revolutionary France had beheaded its king, the wrath turned next upon the King of kings, by whose grace every tyrant claimed to reign. But eventualities had brought among them a great English and American heart Thomas Paine. He had pleaded for Louis Caper "Kill the king but spare the man." Now he pleaded, "Disbelieve in the King of kings, but do not confuse with that idol the Father of Mankind!" In Paine's Preface to the Second Part of "The Age of Reason" he describes himself as writing the First Part near the close of the year 1793. "I had not finished it more than six hours, in the state it has since appeared, before a guard came about three in the morning, with an order signed by the two Committees of Public Safety and Surety General, for putting me in arrestation." This was on the morning of December 28. But it is necessary to weigh the words just quoted "in the state it has since appeared." For on August 5, 1794, Francois Lanthenas, in an appeal for Paine's liberation, wrote as follows: "I deliver to Merlin de Thionville a copy of the last work of T. Payne [The Age of Reason], formerly our colleague, and in custody since the decree excluding foreigners from the national representation. This book was written by the author in the beginning of the year '93 (old style). I undertook its translation before the revolution against priests, and it was published in Fren! ch about the same time. Couthon, to whom I sent it, seemed offended with me for having translated this work." Under the frown of Couthon, one of the most atrocious colleagues of Robespierre, this early publication seems to have been so effectually suppressed that no copy bearing that date, 1793, can be found in France or elsewhere. In Paine's letter to Samuel Adams, printed in the present volume, he says that he had it translated into French, to stay the progress of atheism, and that he endangered his life "b...

The Evolution of American Isolationism

The Evolution of American Isolationism â€Å"Isolationism† is a government policy or doctrine of taking no role in the affairs of other nations. A government’s policy of isolationism, which that government may or may not officially acknowledge, is characterized by a reluctance or refusal to enter into treaties, alliances, trade commitments, or other international agreements. Supporters of isolationism, known as â€Å"isolationists,† argue that it allows the nation to devote all of its resources and efforts to its own advancement by remaining at peace and avoiding binding responsibilities to other nations. American Isolationism While it has been practiced to some degree in U.S. foreign policy since before the War for Independence, isolationism in the United States has never been about a total avoidance of the rest of the world. Only a handful of American isolationists advocated the complete removal of the nation from the world stage. Instead, most American isolationists have pushed for the avoidance of the nation’s involvement in what Thomas Jefferson called â€Å"entangling alliances.† Instead, U.S. isolationists have held that America could and should use its wide-ranging influence and economic strength to encourage the ideals of freedom and democracy in other nations by means of negotiation rather than warfare. Isolationism refers to Americas longstanding reluctance to become involved in European alliances and wars. Isolationists held the view that Americas perspective on the world was different from that of European societies and that America could advance the cause of freedom and democracy by means other than war. American Isolationism Born in the Colonial Period Isolationist feelings in America dates back to the colonial period. The last thing many American colonists wanted was any continued involvement with the European governments that had denied them religious and economic freedom and kept them enmeshed in wars. Indeed, they took comfort in the fact that they were now effectively â€Å"isolated† from Europe by the vastness of the Atlantic Ocean. Despite an eventual alliance with France during the War for Independence, the basis of American isolationism can is found in Thomas Paine’s famed paper Common Sense, published in 1776. Paine’s impassioned arguments against foreign alliances drove the delegates to the Continental Congress to oppose the alliance with France until it became obvious that the revolution would be lost without it.   Twenty years and an independent nation later, President George Washington memorably spelled out the intent of American isolationism in his Farewell Address: â€Å"The great rule of conduct for us, in regard to foreign nations, is in extending our commercial relations, to have with them as little political connection as possible. Europe has a set of primary interests, which to us have none, or a very remote relation. Hence she must be engaged in frequent controversies the causes of which are essentially foreign to our concerns. Hence, therefore, it must be unwise in us to implicate ourselves, by artificial ties, in the ordinary vicissitudes of her politics, or the ordinary combinations and collisions of her friendships or enmities.† Washington’s opinions of isolationism were widely accepted. As a result of his Neutrality Proclamation of 1793, the U.S. dissolved its alliance with France. And in 1801, the nation’s third president, Thomas Jefferson, in his inaugural address, summed up American isolationism as a doctrine of peace, commerce, and honest friendship with all nations, entangling alliances with none†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚   The 19th Century: The Decline of US Isolationism Through the first half of the 19th century, America managed to maintain its political isolation despite its rapid industrial and economic growth and status as a world power. Historians again suggest that the nation’s geographical isolation from Europe continued to allow the U.S. to avoid the â€Å"entangling alliances† feared by the Founding Fathers. Without abandoning its policy of limited isolationism, the United States expanded its own borders from coast-to-coast and began creating territorial empires in the Pacific and the  Caribbean during the 1800s. Without forming binding alliances with Europe or any of the nations involved, the U.S. fought three wars: the War of 1812, the Mexican War, and the Spanish-American War. In 1823, the Monroe Doctrine boldly declared that the United States would consider the colonization of any independent nation in North or South America by a European nation to be an act of war. In delivering the historic decree, President James Monroe voiced the isolationist view, stating, â€Å"In the wars of the European powers, in matters relating to themselves, we have never taken part, nor does it comport with our policy, so to do.† But by the mid-1800s, a combination of world events began to test the resolve of American isolationists: The expansion of the German and Japanese military industrial empires that would eventually immerse the United States in two world wars had begun.Though short-lived, the occupation of the Philippines by the United States during the Spanish-American war had inserted American interests into the Western Pacific islands - an area generally considered to be part of Japan’s sphere of influence.Steamships, undersea communications cables, and radio enhanced America’s stature in world trade, but at the same time, brought her closer to her potential enemies. Within the United States itself, as industrialized mega-cities grew, small-town rural America - long the source of isolationist feelings - shrank. The 20th Century: The End of US Isolationism   World War I (1914 to 1919) Though actual battle never touched her shores, America’s participation in World War I marked the nation’s first departure from its historic isolationist policy. During the conflict, the United States entered into binding alliances with the United Kingdom, France, Russia, Italy, Belgium, and Serbia to oppose the Central Powers of Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire. However, after the war, the United States returned to its isolationist roots by immediately ending all of its war-related European commitments. Against the recommendation of President Woodrow Wilson, the U.S. Senate rejected the war-ending Treaty of Versailles, because it would have required the U.S. to join the League of Nations. As America struggled through the Great Depression from 1929 to 1941, the nation’s foreign affairs took a back seat to economic survival. To protect U.S. manufacturers from foreign competition, the government imposed high tariffs on imported goods. World War I also brought an end to America’s historically open attitude toward immigration. Between the pre-war years of 1900 and 1920, the nation had admitted over 14.5 million immigrants. After the passage of the Immigration Act of 1917, fewer than 150,000 new immigrants had been allowed to enter the U.S. by 1929. The law restricted the immigration of â€Å"undesirables† from other countries, including â€Å"idiots, imbeciles, epileptics, alcoholics, poor, criminals, beggars, any person suffering attacks of insanity†¦Ã¢â‚¬  World War II (1939 to 1945) While avoiding the conflict until 1941, World War II marked a turning point for American isolationism. As Germany and Italy swept through Europe and North Africa, and Japan began taking over Eastern Asia, many Americans started to fear that the Axis powers might invade the Western Hemisphere next. By the end of 1940, American public opinion had started to shift in favor of using U.S. military forces to help defeat the Axis.   Still, nearly one million Americans supported the America First Committee, organized in 1940 to oppose the nation’s involvement in the war. Despite pressure from isolationists, President Franklin D. Roosevelt proceeded with his administration’s plans to assist the nations targeted by the Axis in ways not requiring direct military intervention. Even in the face of Axis successes, a majority of Americans continued to oppose actual U.S. military intervention. That all changed on the morning of December 7, 1941, when naval forces of Japan launched a sneak attack on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. On December 8, 1941, America declared war on Japan. Two days later, the America First Committee disbanded.   After World War II, the United States helped establish and became a charter member of the United Nations in October 1945. At the same time, the emerging threat posed by Russia under Joseph Stalin and the specter of communism that would soon result in the Cold War effectively lowered the curtain on the golden age of American isolationism. War on Terror: A Rebirth of Isolationism? While the terrorist attacks of Sept 11, 2001, initially spawned a spirit of nationalism unseen in America since World War II, the ensuing War on Terror may have resulted in the return  of American isolationism. Wars in Afghanistan and Iraq claimed thousands of American lives. At home, Americans fretted through a slow and fragile recovery from a Great Recession many economists compared to the Great Depression of 1929. Suffering from war abroad and a failing economy at home, America found itself in a situation very much like that of the late  1940s when isolationist feelings prevailed. Now as the threat of another war in Syria looms, a growing number of Americans, including some policymakers, are questioning the wisdom of further U.S. involvement. â€Å"We are not the world’s policeman, nor its judge and jury,† stated U.S. Rep. Alan Grayson (D-Florida) joining a bipartisan group of lawmakers arguing against U.S. military intervention in Syria. â€Å"Our own needs in America are great, and they come first.† In his first major speech after winning the 2016 presidential election, President-Elect Donald Trump expressed the isolationist ideology that became one of his campaign slogans - â€Å"America first.† â€Å"There is no global anthem, no global currency, no certificate of global citizenship,† Mr. Trump  said on December 1, 2016. â€Å"We pledge allegiance to one flag, and that flag is the American flag. From now on, its going to be America first. In their words, Rep. Grayson, a progressive Democrat, and President-Elect Trump, a conservative Republican, may have announced the rebirth of American isolationism.

Modern System Of Policing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Modern System Of Policing - Essay Example Scholars looked as if they were busy discussing the politics of police reform. Researching of the causes of modern policing was considered in a superficial manner, more often presumed than proved. Cities switched unavoidably to modern policing as a result of increasing degree s of crime and disorder in a period of phenomenal growth as well as intense social change (Schneider 1980 p 54). During the above mentioned period London was plagued via crime as well as the safety of a lot of citizens was doubtful. Pick pocketing, gambling and robbery were ordinary amongst the crimes that took place. An essential factor in Sir Robert Peel's plan was the division of policing as well as the judiciary. Peel believed that police should be accountable for one side of the law, it was called the examination phase (Hurd 2007). Even till today, this idea remains almost unchanged. Until 1829, law enforcement had been dramatically lacking in organization. As London expanded during the 18th and 19th centuries, maintaining law and order had become a priority and also a matter of public concern. The policing system was seen as ineffective and failing dismally to restore and maintain peace and order. Previous systems were i... Overall it was counterproductive and inefficient. Victims of crime became reluctant to prosecute, as did the jury with regards to conviction. In spite of its early plausibility, the concept that the police were formed in the reaction to a crime wave is dull and wrong. Moreover, it is not a very valid o explanation. It presumes that "when crime increases to a particular level it is only a 'natural' social response to make a modern police force. This obliviously is not a clarification but a statement of a natural law apart from this it yields very little proof. We cannot leave out the possibility that the revolts of slave, rebellion, and other such examples of collective violence resulted in the creation of modern police, however we must keep in mind that neither crime nor disorder were not uncommon in the cities of the nineteenth-century, and thus cannot in any way be responsible for a change similar to the development of such a institution. Violent mobs were in power of a lot of parts of London throughout the summer of 1780; however the modern Police did not emerge till 1829. Getting drunk in Public was a severe problem in the early 1775, however a modern police force did not emerge till 1838.3 therefore the crime-and-disorder theory is unsuccessful in providing reasons as to why earlier waves of crime didn't create modern police.Bowling (1999) researched the decrease in the rate of homicide in New York and believes that belligerent policing is only one factor which contributes to the decline of homicide. He states that the most persuasiv e argument for the increase and decrease of murder in New York is the increase and decrease of the crack cocaine sale which, as he believes to be reciprocal. Another reason

Visual Strategies to Convey Political Information Essay

Visual Strategies to Convey Political Information - Essay Example The image showing a captive without pacho (traditional clothing) shows how prisoners or captives were treated in that land. For a human being to be denied the right to be properly clothed is a sense of humiliation or disrespect in the society. Looking at the picture, it is evident that the prisoners in the land of Israel were treated as useless or rather insignificant. The fact that they lack clothing can also portray that prisoners were not allowed to be in social places. Captives were not allowed to participate in various political activities like voting, inheriting power from their fathers as well as other social activities like wedding. The fear between the Palestine and the Israelis is clearly portrayed when the author says he could see Israelis who were soldiers as well as settlers through the eyes of two Israeli ladies he stood with. It can be drawn that all Israelis men underwent basic military training and for one to acknowledge or recognize a soldier at first sight, it mean s the soldiers had a unique way of dressing through dresses incorporated with swords, their sandals, helmets, and horses. It can also be said that the Israelis were ever ready or alert to protect their soil from their enemies who were mainly Palestine. This fear is further shown when the author invites his new friend so that he could show her the Palestine he saw. He reveals that there was some kind of fear or tension when they passed near an Israeli who is between Palestinians or surrounded by them. From this, it can be drawn that the Israelis and the Palestinians were not in good terms. He lived with the Palestinians for a while and they were kind and friendly to him. However, the moments he is with the Israeli lady, things change and they are no longer kind to him. This shows that the hatred between the two groups was imminent. He explains further that the Palestinians were not pleased with the Israeli lady walking in their market. First, they did not believe a woman could walk t hat free; women were not regarded important and did not enjoy the same privileges as men. Secondly, by seeing the Israeli lady in their territory, they felt under siege. This could have been the main cause of the conflict between the two groups. The author describes how the Israelis treated their enemies who were Palestinians. He uses a character named Ghassan and describes all the activities that followed after his capture. The character was interviewed then subjected to torture. It can be drawn that the Israelis were not kind to the Palestinians. The author uses the hooded character Ghassan to represent the Palestinians held captive in the Israelis’ territory. Hood is a kind of clothing that covers the entire head and ears meaning the captives were to remain ignorant on what was happening around them; they were isolated and blinded so that they could not recognize their torturers, hence, they could not testify against them. The picture of the torture room portrays the ruthl ess and inhuman treatment Ghassan experienced. The struggling voice of the character and the silent body language simply shows how traumatized the victim is. The hood also symbolizes some form of unease among the captives. Moving around with the hood also reveals some degree of entrapment